Whooping cough, medically known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Characterised by severe coughing fits followed by a high-pitched “whoop” sound, this illness poses significant risks to people of all ages. However, it’s especially dangerous to infants, young children, and pregnant women.

While medical intervention is crucial for severe cases, especially in infants, mild to moderate cases can be supported with effective home remedies that can alleviate symptoms and support recovery.

This article explores natural treatments, crucial pertussis symptoms, and how to manage whooping cough, focusing on rising cases in the United States.

What Is Whooping Cough (Pertussis)?

Pertussis, generally called whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The name “whooping cough” originates from the high-pitched “whoop” sound made during a coughing fit.

Even though it’s a global concern, the USA has seen a resurgence in pertussis cases in recent years, primarily affecting children and unvaccinated individuals.

Understanding Pertussis: Signs and Symptoms of Whooping Cough

Identifying the signs and symptoms of whooping cough early can help seek suitable treatment. These symptoms typically appear 7–10 days after exposure but may sometimes take longer. Pertussis frequently begins with symptoms similar to a common cold:​

Early Symptoms (Catarrhal Stage):
  • Runny or stuffed-up nose
  • Low-grade fever
  • Mild, occasional cough
  • Apnea (pauses in breathing) in infants​
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal congestion
  • Fatigue
Later Symptoms (Paroxysmal Stage):

As the disease progresses, severe coughing fits can lead to:​

  • Severe, uncontrollable coughing fits.
  • Vomiting after coughing
  • Exhaustion after coughing episodes
  • Red or blue face from intense coughing
  • The characteristic “whooping” sound during inhalation after a cough

These symptoms can persist for weeks or even months, earning pertussis the nickname “the 100-day cough.”
Infants may have minimal or absent coughs, but they may experience apnea (pauses in breathing), making whooping cough particularly dangerous in children.

Home Remedies to Alleviate Whooping Cough Symptoms

While antibiotics are essential in treating pertussis, home remedies can be supportive, primarily when the infection is identified in its initial stages. Some specific natural home remedies may help manage the signs and symptoms of whooping cough, decrease irritation, and strengthen the body’s capability to recover faster.

However, it’s important to note that these remedies are not alternatives for medical care, especially in infants. Here are some trusted and traditional remedies that can help manage symptoms and promote comfort:

  1. Honey

Honey is among the oldest and most widely used home remedies for respiratory ailments. It possesses natural antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, which can help calm an irritated throat caused by the persistent coughing associated with pertussis. Mixing a teaspoon of honey in warm water or herbal tea can help alleviate coughing.
However, Honey must not be given to children under one year old due to the risk of botulism.

  • Usage: Mix 1 teaspoon of organic honey in a cup of warm water or herbal tea. Drink it two to three times every day.
  • Why it helps: It creates a soothing coat over the throat lining, reducing the frequency and intensity of coughing fits.
  • Warning: Do not give honey to children under one year of age, as it can cause infant botulism, a rare but serious illness.

This simple remedy is commonly used worldwide for easing pertussis symptoms and is particularly effective when coughing becomes exhausting.

  1. Ginger

Ginger is renowned in many traditional systems of medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. It can help reduce throat inflammation and the spasmodic coughing typical of whooping cough.

  • Usage: Steep a few slices of fresh ginger in boiling water to formulate a ginger tea. Add a bit of honey or lemon juice for additional soothing effects.
  • You can also include ginger in soups and meals during recovery.

This remedy is frequently included in natural approaches to whooping cough treatment at home, particularly in adults and older children.

 

  1. Turmeric Milk

Turmeric contains curcumin, a bioactive compound known for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

  • Usage: Mix ½ to 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder in a glass of warm milk. Consume it before bedtime.
  • This traditional remedy, commonly called “haldi doodh” in India, is exclusively helpful in relieving chest tightness, regular coughing, and throat irritation.

Turmeric milk is highly recommended during pertussis treatment as it boosts immunity and helps with faster recovery from the respiratory infection. Drinking Haldi Doodh at night can soothe the throat and decrease coughing.

  1. Garlic

Garlic is known for its immune-boosting and infection-fighting properties and has thus been used for centuries to help fight infections. Consuming raw garlic or adding it to meals can support the immune system.​

It can be a natural addition to the diet during whooping cough treatment, particularly in the early stages.

  • Usage: Crush a few cloves of raw garlic and eat them on an empty stomach. You can also add them to warm soups and meals.

In short, the antibacterial qualities of garlic can help the body fight Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria responsible for this health issue.

  1. Onion

Onions act as natural expectorants that can help loosen mucus. They help break down mucus and facilitate its expulsion, which is greatly helpful in clearing the lungs during whooping cough. Also, consuming raw onion juice mixed with honey can alleviate coughing.​

  • Usage: Mix onion juice with a teaspoon of honey and consume twice daily. Raw onion added to salads or sandwiches can also deliver similar benefits.

Onions are easy to find and provide an adequate home-based support for whooping cough medication.

  1. Almonds

Almonds are rich in immune-supporting nutrients such as vitamin E, essential fatty acids, and magnesium.

  • Usage: Soak 5-6 almonds overnight. In the morning, peel and grind them to make a paste. Consume after mixing the paste with butter or honey.

This mixture can strengthen the respiratory system and is considered helpful in handling long-lasting pertussis symptoms like fatigue and dry cough.

  1. Steam Inhalation

Steam inhalation helps loosen mucus, clear airways, and soothe irritated bronchial passages.

  • Usage: Boil water and transfer it into a bowl. Add a few drops of eucalyptus or peppermint essential oil. Cover your head with a towel and inhale the steam for 10–15 minutes.

This is particularly advantageous for older children and adults suffering from persistent cough symptoms of pertussis.

  1. Hydration

Staying hydrated is crucial during any respiratory illness, especially during whooping cough.

  • Why it helps: Fluids thin the mucus, making it easier to expel. They also help keep the throat moist and reduce irritation caused by constant coughing.
  • Recommended drinks: Water, warm broths, fruit-infused water, herbal teas like chamomile, licorice root, or thyme tea.

For infants, consult your paediatrician on safe ways to maintain hydration.

  1. Rest and Recovery

Ample rest is essential for the body to fight infection and recover fast. Pertussis symptoms, particularly in the paroxysmal stage (intense coughing phase), can lead to fatigue and exhaustion.

  • Create a healing environment: Ensure a quiet, humidified, comfortable atmosphere for the body to heal more efficiently. Limit exposure to allergens or strong odours, and allow enough time for uninterrupted sleep.
  • Why it helps: The body heals better when it’s not over-exerted, and rest can decrease the frequency of coughing spasms.

Ensure children and babies are monitored while sleeping, mainly if breathing difficulties or pertussis-related apnea have been detected.

Whooping Cough in Infants: Special Considerations

Whooping cough in infants is a serious medical concern that requires instant attention. Infants, particularly those under six months of age, are among the most susceptible groups affected by pertussis or whooping cough.

Their immune systems are still under development, and if they have not completed their DTaP vaccine schedule, they are at a significantly higher risk of severe complications.

Atypical Symptoms in Infants

Unlike little grown-up children and adults, infants with pertussis may not display the characteristic “whoop” sound after coughing fits. Instead, their symptoms can be more elusive but far more dangerous. Some signs for you to watch for:

  • Apnea (pauses in breathing): It’s one of the earliest and most alarming signs. Infants may suddenly stop breathing for numerous seconds, often without warning.
  • Cyanosis: A bluish tint around the lips or face, signifying a lack of oxygen.
  • Feeding Difficulties: Babies may refuse to feed or struggle to suck or swallow accurately due to continuous coughing or fatigue.
  • Persistent Coughing: However, it might not sound like the characteristic whoop, the cough is still severe, frequent, and can lead to vomiting or fatigue.
  • Lethargy and irritability: A sick infant may appear strangely tired, fussy, or difficult to console.

If any of the above-mentioned signs and symptoms of whooping cough are observed, it is critical to pursue emergency care. Delaying treatment in infants can lead to life-threatening problems such as pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death.

Real-Life Concern: Rising Cases in the USA and Globally

According to the latest reports from health authorities such as the CDC, pertussis is making a resurgence in the USA, with increasing cases reported across numerous states, including California, Texas, and Ohio. Many of these cases comprise young infants and unvaccinated children, highlighting the need for awareness and timely intervention.

Outbreaks have been recorded worldwide, in countries like the UK, Australia, and some parts of Southeast Asia. Many of these incidents involve newborns and infants who either missed their vaccines or were too young to take them.

Hospitalization is Often Required

Due to the severity of symptoms and potential for rapid deterioration, hospitalization is frequently required for infants with whooping cough. Treatments may include:

  • Oxygen therapy
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Antibiotics to fight the bacterial infection
  • Careful monitoring of respiratory function

In some cases, infants may be placed in an intensive care unit (ICU) to certify they receive round-the-clock support.

Protecting Infants from Pertussis

The best way to defend infants from whooping cough is through vaccination and herd immunity. Since babies can’t receive their first dose of the DTaP vaccine until around 6 to 8 weeks of age, it’s crucial to ensure that those around them are vaccinated. This includes:

  • Maternal vaccination during pregnancy (preferably between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation) to offer passive immunity to the newborn. The pertussis vaccine during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of severe illness in infants significantly.
  • Cocooning strategy: Ensuring that family members, caregivers, and others in close contact with the baby are up-to-date on their Tdap booster.

 Whooping cough in infants is not only upsetting to watch but can turn out to be life-threatening very quickly.

Early identification of the symptoms and prompt medical response can save lives. At the same time, preventive measures such as vaccination and community awareness can help stop the spread of this dangerous disease.

If you’re a new parent, caregiver, or expecting a baby, communicate with your healthcare provider about the pertussis vaccine during pregnancy and how to build a protective environment for your child.

The Role of Vaccination in the Prevention of Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

While treatment is available, prevention through vaccination remains the most effective strategy to fight against the spread of the disease, specifically among the most vulnerable groups like infants and pregnant women.

📌 Why Vaccination is Critical

Since the symptoms can mimic the common cold in the initial stages, it may go undiagnosed until severe coughing fits appear. By the time the disease gets diagnosed, it may have spread to others. Vaccination protects the individual and contributes to herd immunity, helping protect those who are too young or medically unable to receive vaccines.

 Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Lifesaving Step
🧬 How It Works

During pregnancy, the pertussis vaccine (Tdap) transfers protective antibodies from the mother to the baby. These antibodies provide passive immunity, protecting the newborn against whooping cough during the initial few months of life, when the baby is too young to take their own DTaP vaccine.

📅 Recommended Timing

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

  • Pregnant women must receive the Tdap vaccine between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation.
  • This recommendation applies to each pregnancy, irrespective of the mother’s previous vaccination history.
✅ Benefits of the Tdap Vaccine During Pregnancy
  • Decreases the risk of whooping cough in infants by up to 78% during the initial two months of life.
  • Reduces the severity of pertussis symptoms if the baby does contract the disease.
  • Helps prevent health-related complications like apnea, pneumonia, and hospitalization.
🔐 Tdap Vaccine Safety

Clinical studies and long-term surveillance have shown that the pertussis vaccine is safe and effective during pregnancy, with no increased risk of adverse pregnancy consequences such as preterm birth or low birth weight.

 

Whooping Cough Vaccine: DTaP vs Tdap

👶 DTaP Vaccine for Children
  • The DTaP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
  • Most likely recommended to little kids in a 5-dose series at ages:
    • 2 months
    • 4 months
    • 6 months
    • 15–18 months
    • 4–6 years
👩‍🦱 Tdap Vaccine for Teens and Adults
  • A booster dose of Tdap is advised for kids at age 11–12, and for:
    • Adults who have not once taken it.
    • Caregivers and grandparents of newborns.
    • Pregnant women during each pregnancy.

Global Impact of Whooping Cough Vaccination

🌍 Vaccination Coverage and Challenges
  • In the United States, widespread Tdap and DTaP vaccination has significantly reduced the occurrence of pertussis.
  • However, indecision about the vaccine, misrepresentation, and missed immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to a resurgence in cases, mainly in California, Texas, and Florida.
  • Countries like India, the UK, and Australia have also reported local outbreaks, often linked to delays in childhood vaccination.

 Importance of Booster Shots for Adults

Adults who got their whooping cough vaccine in childhood may also not be entirely safe against the issue, as immunity can wane over time.

  • A Tdap booster is recommended every 10 years.
  • Adults in close contact with infants (e.g., grandparents, nannies) should confirm they are up to date on pertussis vaccination.
 Herd Immunity: Community Protection

One of the primary reasons to stay vaccinated is to protect those who cannot receive the whooping cough vaccine, including:

  • Infants under 2 months who are not yet fit to get DTaP.
  • People with some allergies or weakened immune systems.

When an adequate number of people are vaccinated, the disease cannot spread rapidly—this is known as herd immunity, and it is vital in preventing pertussis outbreaks.

Misconceptions About the Whooping Cough Vaccine

Despite overwhelming evidence, myths continue to circulate. Let’s clarify some:

Myth 1 – I was vaccinated as a child, so I’m lifelong protected against the disease.

Fact – No… That’s incorrect. Immunity fades. Thus. Booster doses are vital to add continued protection.

 

Myth 2 – The pertussis vaccine can cause side effects.

Fact – Side effects, like soreness or mild fever, are typically rare and mild. The risk of severe pertussis far outweighs the vaccine risks.

 

Myth 3 – Pregnant women shouldn’t get vaccines.            

Fact – The Tdap vaccine is tested to be safe during pregnancy. It is necessary for newborn protection.

Final Thoughts: Vaccination is The Best Defense

Vaccination can be the best defense against whooping cough for individuals, families, and entire communities. Whether you’re an expectant mother, a new parent, or somebody who hasn’t had a booster in over a decade, confirm you’re protected.

  • 💉 Get the pertussis vaccine during pregnancy.
  • 💉 Keep children on schedule for DTaP.
  • 💉 Receive a Tdap booster every 10 years.

Pertussis is preventable, but only if we stay vigilant with vaccinations.